We develop a reputation model to study the concurrent use of trademarks and certification for food products with a … firm-specific reputations whereas GI certification captures a notion of collective reputation. The model shows that GI … certification improves the ability of reputation to operate as a mechanism for assuring quality when it is linked to some inherent …

countries, and constraints to harmonize them and gains from harmonization. Certification is also analyzed in two chapters, one … looking at private standards and heterogeneous firms in a developing country context, and the other exploring certification … and cooperation in certification for a panel of countries. Several analyses investigate trade within OECD countries …

policy and regulatory pressures are driving the exploration of new market designs at the wholesale and retail levels. The … of electricity markets at the wholesale and retail levels, and explores distinctions in problem formulation between these …

WalMart’s strategic location decisions on estimated retail sales in Iowa. As is consistent with previous studies, we find … that WalMart’s entry into smaller trade centers in Iowa had a big initial impact on host-town retail sales, with some … stabilize or even expand the local retail sector of most rural Iowa host communities. To conclude, we discuss policy …