child labour variables are compared. We conclude that children and adults are perfect labour substitutes and that the … marginal productivity of children is roughly one-third to one-half that of male adults. The average contribution of each …

17-25 who experienced this severe shock in-utero and as infants during the crisis.  Improving methodologically on other …-in-differences comparison across siblings.  We find that by adulthood, affected children who were under the age of 36 months at the peak of the …

longitudinal data on Filopino children followed for more than 20 years are used.  Considering the differences in growth paterns …

Using new and unique panel data, we investigate the role of long-term health and childhood malnutrition in schooling … outcomes for children in rural India, many of whom lack basic numeracy and literacy skills.  Using data on students …' performance on mathematics and Hindi tests, we examine the role of the endogeneity of health caused by omitted variables bias and …

according to some unobserved health characteristic, then estimates of the effect of tobacco on health that do not account for …. We show that there is selection into smoking, and considerable dispersion around the average effect, so that health … and nonsmokers will spuriously reveal a worsening effect of tobacco on health if they fail to control for selection. …

It is universally accepted that children have important effects on household demand patterns. This is usually … attributed to the direct effect of children; for example children are food intensive. Alternative inferences are that the … observed correlations between children and demand patterns are due to non-direct effects, such as fixed effects, state …

there is strong son preference in rural China, we postulate two main hypotheses: income-based sex selection making it more …, this is the first study to test these hypotheses in rural China and more generally in developing countries. …