monitoring is employed by VCs to reduce entrepreneurial moral hazard. When monitoring reveals poor performance, VCs want to … helps reduce this problem. As potential equity holders, VCs are willing to absorb the costs of monitoring because this …

entrepreneurial moral hazard problem, which can be partially overcome through monitoring only by informed investors. However …, monitoring is only effective if investors can commit ex ante to liquidate the project after observing a poor signal. We show that …

Monitoring corruption typically relies on top-down interventions aimed at increasing the probability of external … accountable.  This paper investigates the effectiveness of an accountability system that combines bottom-up monitoring and top … bribes under: 1) no monitoring; 2) conventional top-down auditing, and 3) an accountability system which gives citizens the …

which will then be the object of the monitoring. The monitoring is therefore much less effective then when the principal can …