This article analyzes the exposure to cheating risk of online courses relative to face-to-face courses at a single institution. For our sample of 20 online courses we report that the cheating risk is higher than for equivalent face-to-face courses because of reliance on un-proctored multiple...

This study uses a different approach to testing for a difference in student performance between traditional and online courses than prior studies that compare learning outcomes in economics courses. The study uses exam questions as the unit of observation and a specification that includes...

This study uses data from two online courses in principles of economics to estimate a model that predicts exam scores from independent variables of student characteristics. In one course the final exam was proctored, in the other course the final exam was not proctored, and in both courses the...

Is it possible to be altruistic in the face of altruism? With a naive definition of altruism, the answer is no. If an altruistic consumer is defined to be one whose preferences over allocations satisfy an appropriate interdependence condition, then the answer is yes. However, altruism in the...

A single formula assigns a continuous utility function to every representable preference relation.

Two forms of continuity are defined for Pareto representations of preferences. They are designated continuity and coordinate continuity. Characterizations are given of those Pareto representable preferences that are continuously representable and, in dimension two, of those that are...

A preference profile has a one-dimensional Euclidean representation if it can be derived from an arrangement of individuals and alternatives on a line, with each individual preferring the nearer of each pair of alternatives. We provide a polynomial-time algorithm that determines whether a given...

A characterization of a property of binary relations is of type M if it can be stated in terms of ordered M-tuples of alternatives. A characterization of finite type provides an easy test of whether preferences over a large set of alternatives possesses the property characterized. Unfortunately,...

A single-issue spatial election is a voter preference profile derived from an arrangement of candidates and voters on a line, with each voter preferring the nearer of each pair of candidates. We provide a polynomial-time algorithm that determines whether a given preference profile is a...

The importance of topology as a tool in preference theory is what motivates this study in which we characterize topologies induced by binary relations and present topological versions of two classical preference representation theorems. We then use our characterizations to construct examples of...