Five attributes of emission generating technologies are identified and a concept of byproduction is introduced, which implies these five attributes. Murty and Russell [2010] characterization of technologies, which requires distinguishing between intended production of firms and nature's laws of...

In this paper we discuss global climate change mitigation that builds on existing unilateral actions to deliver ever deepening emission cuts over time. A wide array of unilateral environmental measures have been documented. We discuss the rationale for such measures and argue that unilateral...

In this paper we draw upon a recent body of evidence, with particular reference to material produced in the context of an ongoing OECD project on growth. We present an international comparison with special attention given to development in trends of labour productivity, allowing for human...