This paper analyzes the relationship between ethnic fractionalization, polarization, and conflict. In recent years many … explain this nexus is the effect of ethnic heterogeneity on rent-seeking activities and the increase in potential conflict … channel is not through an increase in potential ethnic conflict. We discuss the appropriateness of indices of polarization to …

determined by how the direct conflict resulting from disagreement would be resolved. Our basic building block is the disagreement … individual rationality we reach a unique solution: the agreement in the shadow of conflict, ASC. This agreement may be construed …

We analyze a model of conflict with endogenous choice of effort, where subsets of the contenders may force the …

This note tries to clarify some remaining issues in the debate on the effect of income shocks on civil conflict …. Section 1 discusses the discrepant findings on the effect of rainfall shocks on civil conflict in Miguel and Satyanath (2010 … (rainfall-driven) income shocks on civil conflict and contrasts the conclusions with those of Miguel, Satyanath, and Sergenti …