high-probability losses. Indeed, our experimental participants tend to avoid fair risks for large (up to € 90), high …-probability (80%) losses. Our research hinges on a novel experimental method designed to alleviate the house-money bias that pervades … is more basic, namely: do people display risk aversion when facing large losses, or large gains? And, at the risk of …

Kahneman and Tversky asserted a fundamental asymmetry between gains and losses, namely a “reflection effect” which …

We test whether risk attitudes change when losses instead of gains are involved. The study of gain-loss asymmetries has … translation effect (risk attraction becomes more frequent when gains are translated into losses) and a probability switch effect …

preparers. 'Micro-manipulation' describes the management of accounting figures to produce a biased view at the entity level …, and they tend to weaken the authority of accounting regulators. …

Accounting regulation is a highly topical issue for listed companies in Europe. From 1 January 2005 all companies … listed in the EU member states are required to produce financial reports compliant with international accounting standards …

This paper explores the nature and incidence of creative accounting practices within the context of ethical … considerations.It explores several definitions of creative accounting and the potential and the range of reasons for a company …'s directors to engage in creative accounting. Later the paper considers the various ways in which creative accounting can be …

Preparers of accounting information are in a position to manipulate the view of economic reality presented in this …, they involve an unjust exercise of power, and they tend to weaken the authority of accounting regulators. This paper …. Our results provide evidence that accounting data can be extremely useful in detecting manipulators. This approach can be …

The term 'creative accounting' can be defined in a number of ways. Initially we will offer this definition: 'a process … whereby accountants use their knowledge of accounting rules to manipulate the figures reported in the accounts of a business …'. To investigate the ethical issues raised by creative accounting we will: - Explore some definitions of creative …