This paper extends the cross sectionally augmented panel unit root test proposed by Pesaran (2007) to the case of a multifactor structure. The basic idea is to exploit information regarding the unobserved factors that are shared by other time series in addition to the variable under...

Voters respond differently to trend growth as opposed to economic cycles in GDP. When assessing incumbent competence the rational voter filters out economic cycles when they are the product of external shocks but rewards strong trend growth over the previous term of office. Voters also respond...

Greater media presence may facilitate information transmission and consensus, or amplify existing political differences. In the OECD greater media penetration is strongly correlated with reduced ideological polarization in the electorate. Observed increases in media penetration lead observed...

Greater political competition reduces the extent of rent-seeking or resource diversion by politicians in government. However, the potency of this effect depends on whether or not there are limits on donations to candidates standing for election, and on the objectives of donors themselves. Data...