In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … surveys (direct approaches). The observation period runs from 2002 to 2009. We discover that German euro banknotes to a total …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … circulation in other euro-area countries. The analysis is based on approaches that estimate the volume of banknotes in circulation …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … circulation in other euro-area countries. The analysis is based on approaches that estimate the volume of banknotes in circulation …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … surveys (direct approaches). The observation period runs from 2002 to 2009. We discover that German euro banknotes to a total …

the point-of-sale (POS) in order to be able to cover future transactions that might have to be paid for in cash. Such …This paper empirically investigates whether individuals withhold a certain amount of cash for precautionary reasons at … being settled in cash declines significantly as the amount of cash available at one's disposal decreases. This indicates …

, especially for low-value transactions. We also find that the use of cash is strongly correlated with transaction size …We measure consumers' use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries: Australia, Austria, Canada …-country differences, for example, the level of cash usage differs across countries. Cash has not disappeared as a payment instrument …

Standard transaction cost arguments can only partially explain why the share of cash transactions is still high in many … transactions; they switch to non-cash payment instruments only at higher transaction values than other consumers, however. Our … distinctive feature of cash - a glance into one's pocket provides a signal for both the remaining budget as well as the level of …

Germans are still very fond of using cash. Of all direct payment transactions, cash accounts for an astounding 82% in … cash remains so important. We propose a two-stage empirical framework which jointly explains credit card ownership and the … use of cash. Our results indicate that the pattern of cash usage is compatible with systematic economic decision making …