change the wage of French women, but led to a sizable decline in their employment rate. In contrast, immigration had little … immigration. We document the importance of this selection bias in the French labor market, where women accounted for a rapidly … impact on the employment rate of men, but led to a sizable drop in the male wage. We show that the near-zero correlation …

can move the market closer to the efficient competitive equilibrium and potentially increase employment and wages for both … program particularly increased employment and wages for low-skill native and immigrant men, and raised French GDP by over 1 …