In the 1980s, the wages and employment rates of less-skilled Americans fell relative to those of more-skilled workers … imports in the U.S. economy to these trends. Our empirical evidence indicates that both trade and immigration augmented the … immigration increased the effective supply of high school dropouts by 28 percent for men and 31 percent for women. We estimate …

International Adult Literacy Survey we find that employment of skilled to unskilled labour is unrelated to differences in skill … premium but that changes in relative employment are related to changes in relative wages raising the possibility of some … substitution behavior. Still, the differing dispersion of wages is not a major contributor to differences in employment rates. The …