An influential strand of research has tested for the effects of immigration on natives' wages and employment using … consensus that the impact of immigration on average native-born workers is small, and fails to substantiate claims of large …

points relative to male wages, but female employment has fallen 5 percentage points more than male employment. Using the … most important determinant of the hazard rate from employment. Differences in mean 1990 wages explain more than half of the … gender gap in this hazard rate, since low earners were more likely to leave employment, and were disproportionately female …