amenable to empirical analysis. A characterization of the wage and employment-setting process in unionized markets is adopted … opportunities for substituting wages for employment in response to a change in the slope of the employer's labor demand function …. Larger union locals place greater emphasis on wages versus employment than smaller union locals …

literature for over thirty years. The wages and employment o typographers are examined to see whether they can be usefully … characterized as the outcome of a process by which the union maximizes an objective function containing wages and employment and is … wages and employment of these workers compared with our more general formulation …

Two propositions figure prominently in explanations for Britain's comparatively low growth in employment: first, the …-defined negative causal relationship from wages to employment with the features of a conventional labor demand function. Using …'s employment record cannot be drawn from aggregate data …