This paper builds a world atlas of child penalties in employment based on micro data from 134 countries. The estimation … female employment. In general, women experience both marriage and child penalties, but their relative importance depends on …

opportunities outside the home. Frontier women were less likely to report "gainful employment," but among those who did, relatively …

- the lifting of the Saudi women's driving ban - on women's employment by randomizing rationed spaces in driver's training … effects on employment are only observed among never-married and widowed women, who negotiate employment with their fathers … women's employment. They provide evidence that men's resistance to wives' employment poses a binding constraint to female …

(elasticity +0.16) with no decrease or an increase in U.S. employment (elasticity +0.10, statistically imprecise) across several …

We review the growing literature on the political economy of immigration. First, we discuss the effects of immigration … among natives. Next, we unpack the channels behind the political effects of immigration, distinguishing between economic and …

, fertility and children's living circumstances during 1990-2014. On average, trade shocks differentially reduce employment and …