which people take their pensions, as well by as indexation rules. This indicator is measured as a multiple of annual gross …

Pension spending is defined as all cash expenditures (including lump-sum payments) on old-age and survivors pensions … retirement pensions: pensions paid before the beneficiary has reached the 'standard' pensionable age relevant to the programme …. It excludes programmes concerning early retirement for labour market reasons. Old-age pensions includes supplements for …

-based pension plans or individual retirement savings plans. Pensions may also be supplemented by housing wealth, personal financial …Pensions refer to payment made to a person (or their dependants) after retirement. Pension systems vary across … countries and no single model fits all. Generally, there is a mix of public and private pension provision. Public pensions are …