- nontariff - trade barriers. More specifically, regional tariff commitments have not only amplified applied tariff overhangs … the World Trade Organization (WTO), but have also sharply reduced their tariff policy space within Africa, thus leaving … regulatory policies such as sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and technical barriers to trade (TBT) as two of the few …

increase in women’s access to the workplace through institutional development promoting women’s emancipation. Also, there … (GDP) per capita, Human Development Index (HDI) and the level of education indicator of the HDI. The data on women …