Climate change, migration flows, security - growing challenges like these are calling for new responses from EU development policy. Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 will in itself require additional financial resources of up to USD 2.5 trillion every year in middle- and...

Klimawandel, Migrationsströme, Sicherheit - Wachsende Herausforderungen wie diese fordern neue Antworten von der EU-Entwicklungspolitik. Allein um die Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung (SDGs) bis zum Jahre 2030 zu erreichen, bedarf es zusätzlicher finanzieller Ressourcen von jährlich bis zu...

Despite its importance for development, long-term finance is particularly scarce in countries with lower income levels. This not only results in unrealised growth and employment creation at the national level and at the level of individual firms, but also undermines a broader shift towards...

The demand for digital financial services has risen significantly over recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated this trend and since the focus has shifted towards economic recovery, digital lending has become central. Digital credit products exploit traditional and alternative...

After independence, energy and food subsidies became a cornerstone of the social contracts in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. Governments spent heavily to reduce poverty and strengthen their own legitimacy. However, as government rents faded, subsidy spending became...

Global threats to democracy – one of the world’s most important forms of inclusive governance – have been rising recently. This paper assesses the effects of social and economic inequalities on autocratisation, meaning a decline in the democratic qualities of a political regime. The key...

Social cohesion is an important precondition for peaceful and economically successful societies. The question of how societies hold together and which policies enhance social cohesion has become a relevant topic on both national and international agendas. This Briefing Paper stresses the...

Soziale Kohäsion ist eine Voraussetzung für friedliche und wirtschaftlich erfolgreiche Gesellschaften. Die Frage, was Gesellschaften zusammenhält und welche Politik soziale Kohäsion stärkt, wird auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene immer prominenter diskutiert. In diesem Briefing Papier...