In the coming decades, climate change will force cities to grapple with new operating conditions to construct and maintain key urban infrastructure. Strategies for covering the costs of climate-resilient upgrades will vary by locale, reflecting differing market, regulatory, and policy...

The average annual FDI inflow in Bangladesh is significantly lower than comparable economies.Over the past decade (2007 to 2017), inflows have averaged at 0.9 percent of GDP in Bangladeshcompared with 3.0 percent in China, 5.5 percent in Ethiopia, 2.6 percent in The Philippines, 6.6 percent in...

This note identifies some of the main determinants of foreign direct investments (FDI) to Indonesia, focusing in particular on the role of economic policies. To that end it develops a novel empirical analysis on the effects of various provisions in Indonesia's Negative Investment List (DNI) on...

In recent years, Bhutan has been revising its policy and increasing its efforts to attract FDI inflows. The existing policy regime governing FDI inflows is spelt out in the 2010 FDI Policy (amended in 2014). Despite the policy there are several reasons why Bhutan is not getting significant FDI...

Bhutan's investment climate is primarily constrained by imperfections in factor markets, limited access to product markets, and state dominance. Driven by the capital-intensive hydropower sector, the country achieved impressive growth rates, but created few jobs. The public sector stepped in,...

In this context, Bhutan can become wealthier through accelerating both domestic and foreign investment, as well as signing investment treaties. These investments could provide not just capital but also bring necessary skills, knowledge and ideas, and help the country move beyond hydropower....

Over the last fifteen years, Peru has mainstreamed Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a tool to address its infrastructure gap with 177 contracts registered since the start of the program in early 2000s and has strengthened its PPP framework through successive legal and institutional changes....

Bangladesh's export growth has been remarkable. Bangladesh aims to generate USD 54.1 billion in export earnings by FY2020, a significant increase over the USD 35 billion earned in FY2015-16. The leading sector, textiles and apparels, usually referred to as ready-made garments (RMG), has created...

This policy note outlines options for aid coordination and delivery in Yemen. It draws on a vast amount of experiences and lessons learned from post-conflict recovery and peace building processes both in Yemen and elsewhere over the past decade.Its central message is that timely international...

R and D tax incentives (RDTIs) are among the most popular instruments that governments in both developing and developed economies employ to induce private investment in research and development (R and D). RDTIs can influence a host of development drivers: the quantity and quality of innovation,...