next three months. A comprehensive bank-level database reveals the public responded to signals sent by regulators' actions …

quasi-exogenous increases in bank size in postwar Germany. I show that firms did not grow faster after their relationship …, but worked with riskier borrowers. Bank managers benefited through higher salaries and media attention. The paper presents …

crucial year 1930. When the crisis worsened, state and local authorities began declaring bank holidays,' which limited the … right of depositors to make withdrawals, a movement that culminated in the declaration of a national bank holiday by …

1820s. Nonetheless, Massachusetts did not open access easily. This paper documents that until 1812, bank charters were only … of the Federalist bank. The paper documents the close association of politicians and bankers. Before 1811, close to three …

that centers on the existence of an increasingly efficient market for bank shares. The stock market was important because …

We use exogenous variation in the degree of restrictions to bank competition across Italian provinces to study both the … effects of bank regulation and the impact of deregulation. We find that where entry was more restricted the cost of credit was … increase in bad loans. In provinces where restrictions to bank competition were most severe, the proportion of bad loans after …

It is often argued that branching stabilizes banking systems by facilitating diversification of bank portfolios … quantitatively more important than geographical diversification for bank stability in the 1920s and 1930s …

This paper provides the first comprehensive econometric analysis of the causes of bank distress during the Depression …. We assemble bank-level data for virtually all Fed member banks, and combine those data with county-level, state … bank failure. We construct a model of bank survival duration using these fundamental determinants of bank failure as …