small, for two reasons. First, services account for only a small fraction of overall pollution. For none of five major air … relation to the environment, because services in general contribute relatively little to overall pollution, and those …

Total pollution emitted by U.S. manufacturers declined over the past 30 years by about 60 percent, even though real … may result from increased net imports of pollution-intensive goods ("international trade"). I first show that most of the … decline in pollution from U.S. manufacturing has been the result of changing technology, rather than changes in the mix of …

a substantial reduction in U.S. pollution from 1978-94 due entirely to a shift in the composition of U.S. manufacturing ….S. manufacturing, has also occurred among U.S. imports. Second, we find no evidence that pollution-intensive industries have been …

relationship has been called the out a simple and straight-forward static model of the microfoundations of the pollution …

Environmental Engel curves (EECs) plot the relationship between households' incomes and the pollution embodied in the … are indirectly responsible for more pollution. Second, EECs are convex, with income elasticities of less than one. Third … pollution. We show that even without changes to production techniques, the pollution necessary to produce the goods and services …