To date, processes to implement the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and international climate change mitigation and adaptation obligations are largely disconnected in most countries. This creates administrative overlaps, costs and hampers the development of effective problem...

In addition to carbon dioxide, air traffic operation affects the climate through other emissions and atmospheric processes, such as the formation of ozone and contrail cirrus. The climate impact of these non-CO2 effects is strongly dependent on the emission location (in particular cruise...

The main objective of this project was to strengthen the use and cooperation of type-I ecolabels worldwide. As markets are becoming increasingly international and products are no longer developed for national markets, the cooperation and joint efforts of ecolabels in developing common...

The effectiveness of carbon pricing as a market-based policy tool with economy-wide transformation potential has increasingly rendered it the instrument of choice among policy makers responding to challenges posed by climate change. However, the potential for jurisdictions to introduce carbon...

Climate protection scenarios are a key part of long-term climate policy planning, which has been given a further boost by the Paris Agreement. The modelling performed in such scenarios informs the development of 2050 national climate strategies—which themselves serve as roadmaps for the...

This policy paper commissioned by the German Federal Environment Agency examines the greenhouse gas reduction potential from the measures of the first pillar (GAEC standards and eco-schemes) of the Common European Agricultural Policy 2023-2027. The results are based on a study that will be...

As part of the general producer responsibility regulated by the German Circular Economy Act, there are special legal regulations for the collection and environmentally sound disposal of certain waste streams (e.g. for packaging, batteries, waste electrical and electronic equipment, end-of-life...

This report provides an overview of the main outputs of the research project Influence of market structures and market regulation on the carbon market (2018-2021). The aim of the project, commissioned by the German Environment Agency, was to gain a better understanding of the impact of market...

The European Commission’s (EC) proposed Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is meant to mirror the carbon price of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) for several imported goods. While the CBAM can rely on certain aspects of the EU ETS regarding its costs and compliance obligations,...