Directional derivatives are the ideal tool to model simultaneous shifts of the instruments of economic policy. Provided the equilibrium solution of an oligolistic model are differentiable with respect to the parameter, such a problem can be easily solved considering shift in single instruments,...

This paper studies the e¤ects of service o¤shoring on the level and skill composition of domestic employment, using a rich data set of Italian …rms and propensity score matching techniques. The results show that service o¤shoring has no e¤ect on the level of employment but changes its...