"Chen and Dahlman assess the effects of knowledge on economic growth. By using an array of indicators, each of which … represents an aspect of knowledge, as independent variables in cross-section regressions that span 92 countries for the period … 1960 to 2000, they show that knowledge is a significant determinant of long-term economic growth. In particular, the …

growth. The author argues that Bangalore has serious innovation challenges with weak university-industry linkages, lack of … inter-firm collaboration, and the absence of cross-fertilization between the knowledge-intensive defense/public sector and … the commercial IT industry. To strengthen Bangalore's and India's innovation system, the Indian business model must be …

include measures of innovation outcomes as well as variables related to innovation effort. The main indicator of innovation … outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and … of innovation outputs and inputs by looking at the over-time behavior of the relevant series and comparing the …

"Fujita and Hill compare and contrast Tokyo's innovation structure with the industrial districts model and the … districts and international hub models. The authors provide key elements making up the Tokyo model--organizational knowledge …, the national system of innovation, and the historical genesis of Tokyo in Japan's political economy. They find that the …

not feel pressure (Carlin and others 2001; World Bank 2004). However, competition also appears to affect innovation in … of competition and, consequently, assesses their net impact on innovation. He finds that reducing tariffs and enacting … and enforcing competition laws modestly increases both the pressure that firms feel regarding innovation and the level of …