Despite the fact that the quality of education for Africans in South Africa was lower than that for whites, in 1993 the percentage wage gains associated with additional years of primary, secondary, and higher education were substantially higher for Africans than for whites. These rates increased...

During the last decades, Indonesia has witnessed a rapid expansion in higher education sector. However, a centralized education system had resulted internal inefficiency, poor initiatives-particularly in research and lack of public accountability in many Indonesia universities. Facing these...

Despite the lower quality of education provided Africans compared with whites in South Africa, the percentage wage gains associated with additional years of primary, secondary, and higher education are substantially larger for Africans than for whites in 1993, and they increase for both race...