"It is well known that children reared in non-intact families on average have less favorable educational outcomes than … children reared in two-parent families. Evidence from the United States and Sweden indicates that living in a non-intact family … children's outcomes in terms of educational attainment and earnings using data from Sweden and the United States. Comparing the …

-way relationship from births to growth if the panel analysis is carried out with the annual data. Although falling birth rates in China …