-way relationship from births to growth if the panel analysis is carried out with the annual data. Although falling birth rates in China …

In India, the out-of-pocket health expenditure by households accounts for around 70 percent of the total expenditure on … health. Large out-of-pocket payments may reduce consumption expenditure on other goods and services and push households into … poverty. Recently, health insurance has been considered as one of the possible instruments in reducing impoverishing effects …

12 years old. Schooling, on the other hand, is found to have a positive impact on health status of children from low …-SES families but little impact on health status of high-SES children. It weakens the gradient among school-age children. …I estimate the gradient among children 0 to 14 years old across different age groups using data from Indonesia. I find …