, over the long run, the export financing scheme had a negative effect on exports while the rebate/refund scheme affected …Throughout Pakistans history, policy has sought to promote exports through government support and incentives. The … government machinery is geared to export promotion especially through direct and indirect subsidies. Surprisingly, these policies …

) government bonds, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) needs a currency with international status that can match its economic …

) government bonds, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) needs a currency with international status that can match its economic …

behind us. We argue that, for rebalancing its economy, China needs a comprehensive package focusing on further liberalization …

China and India have both attempted distorting the exchange rate in order to foster exports-led growth. This is …, in order to foster export-led growth. The costs and benefits of this approach need to factor in the extent to which … in real terms) in both India and China. We find that through the great business cycle boom of the early 2000s, both …

Under the world dollar standard, a discrete appreciation by a dollar creditor country of the United States, such as … China or Japan, has no predictable effect on its trade surplus. Currency appreciation by the creditor country will slow its …-growth and low-growth economies, as between Japan and the U.S. from in 1950 to 1971 and China and the U.S. from 1994 to 2005 …

For creditor countries on the periphery of the dollar standard such as China with current account surpluses, foreign … the (incipient) deflation that China now faces. It could create a zero-interest liquidity trap in financial markets that …