In recent economic geography, it is emphasized that the effect of cost decreasing in transportation on agglomeration is nonlinear. It is said that the influence of traffic infrastructure investment and the change in transportation cost on urban agglomeration does not appear until the cost is...

Japan's population ageing is unprecedented in modern industrial economies. An ageing population in Japan requires policy measures to encourage lifelong social and economic participation in order to counteract a shrinking workforce and productivity declines. This paper suggests several policy...

Old-age income support is becoming an issue of growing importance throughout Asia. This is especially true in East and Southeast Asia where the population is aging. This paper provides a broad overview of the current state of pension systems in the People’s Republic of China, Indonesia,...

From the demographic perspective, the 21st century is the population ageing century. Population ageing is well underway in all Asian countries as a result of the spectacular falls in both fertility and mortality rates in the second half of the 20th century.

Japan's population ageing is unprecedented in modern industrial economies. An ageing population in Japan requires policy measures to encourage lifelong social and economic participation in order to counteract a shrinking workforce and productivity declines. This paper suggests several policy...

In 2002, the Australian Bureau of Statistics became the first national statistical agency to produce a broad-focused measuring tool for assessing national progress, developing what was then known as Measuring Australia’s Progress. MAP was developed to help Australians assess whether life...

From the demographic perspective, the 21st century is the population ageing century. Population ageing is well underway in all Asian countries as a result of the spectacular falls in both fertility and mortality rates in the second half of the 20th century.

Old-age income support is becoming an issue of growing importance throughout Asia. This is especially true in East and Southeast Asia where the population is aging. This paper provides a broad overview of the current state of pension systems in the People’s Republic of China, Indonesia,...

Japan's population ageing is unprecedented in modern industrial economies. An ageing population in Japan requires policy measures to encourage lifelong social and economic participation in order to counteract a shrinking workforce and productivity declines. This paper suggests several policy...