Rio + 20 has reiterated that sustainable development incorporates three dimensions, one of which is economy including trade. Demand for energy in Asia has also been linked to rising trends of trade and production. Trade and investment can also play a key role in mitigating climate change....

EU climate policies advocate a shift towards green taxation. We address this issue in the context of tax on companies, focusing on the consequences for the cost of capital, the effective marginal tax rate and the effective average tax rate.We develop an indicator of effective green taxation...

GDP and employment effects of climate policyCGEGDP and employment effects of climate policy

Labour income taxes have decreased considerably in Finland in the period 1996-2008. At the same time the Finnish economy has grown rapidly. Nevertheless, there has been another coincident trend in this period: A rapid rise in inequality. This study aims to answer to what extent labour income tax...

R&D and innovation are seen as key determinants of productivity and competitiveness and it has been recognized that the low growth performances of EU countries of the last decades can largely be attributable to their poor research performance, as compared to the US. As a consequence, most EU...

Health effects of medical expenditures deserve consideration in the literature addressing the dividends of environmental taxation, since illness not only influences utility, but also affects leisure and working time. We for the first time differentiate the health effects and tax deductibility...

Two theses are presented and discussed throughout the paper. First, the limits on public deficits with the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) do not correspond to the imposition of restrictive fiscal policies, but instead to the abandonment of an ultimate goal of economic policy: full employment....

An effective tax system is one of the essential factors for successful country development. The first step to understand the performance of public revenue systems is to establish some commonly agreed performance measurement and benchmarking which can be applied across countries. In this regard...

Russia is not only one of the world’s major sources of carbon based energy – coal, oil and gas - but is also one the most intensive users of energy. Furthermore, Russia accounts for a disproportionately large share of global carbon emissions – some 5 to 6 percent of global carbon emission...