sentiment and consumption expenditures for the United States and the euro area. It shows under which circumstances confidence … indicators can be a good predictor of household consumption even after controlling for information in economic fundamentals …. Overall, the results show that the consumer confidence index can be in certain circumstances a good predictor of consumption …

consumption and real GDP. In line with BNW, we find that confidence shocks explain a large share of the variance in real economic … contribution to business cycle fluctuations is reduced, confirming the global dimension of confidence shocks. Overall, our evidence … shows that confidence shocks play some role in business cycle fluctuations. At the same time, we show that confidence shocks …