economy was thoroughly undermined. The collapse of trading relations with the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA … the urban household services economy, which offset the increase in the numbers of unemployed. The shift to markets was … Western markets without difficulty. During the 1990s the economy of Viet Nam underwent a transformation. Structural changes …

paper then surveys the particular governance challenge in Vietnam as it continues its transition from central planning to … markets. The nature and characteristics of the present administrative structure in Vietnam are then surveyed, followed by a …

generally low, but in a labour intensive country such as Vietnam could still be seen as an advantage. Employment levels were …

This report follows up on a 1996 UNDP survey of microfinance activity in Vietnam. The need was not simply because of … benefit. This report had highlighted a number of problems concerning microfinance in Vietnam. These concerns, however, should … of “social capital” in Vietnam are ripe for the rapid expansion of microfinance schemes along the lines of those in …

The economic performance of Vietnam in the 1990s would be classified as a “miracle” if such achievements were not so … stabilisation for the first decade. The state sector was never large in Vietnam, where 80 percent of the population lives in rural … areas, mostly growing rice. By 1986 the planned part of the economy was thoroughly undermined, and inflation had eroded any …

standards systems and related infrastructure. Vietnam and Thailand are examined as case studies. In both cases the move to … improving in line with industry demands. Vietnam, in particular, has initiated a wide-ranging transition from a central planning … fewer than in most developed country APEC economies. Protection in Vietnam, and even still in Thailand, mostly comes through …

the game" (or new rules) by which economic activity is conducted. In the context of vietnam, "restructuring" is generally … reforms. This paper examines labour issues in restructuring Vietnam's state sector, the social protection system and options …

This report examines the employment structure and structural change (1986-1999) of Vietnam, discusses Vietnam's labour … market regulations and examines how Vietnam's labour markets could become more efficient. Vietnam’s labour policies remain … to extend state worker privileges throughout the economy. This is a futile exercise to establish a welfare state in a …