In the rural areas of developing countries, teacher absence is a widespread problem. This paper tests whether a simple … incentive program based on teacher presence can reduce teacher absence, and whether it has the potential to lead to more … teaching activities and better learning. In 60 informal one-teacher schools in rural India, randomly chosen out of 120 (the …

Some education policymakers focus on bringing down pupil-teacher ratios. Others argue that resources will have limited … impact without systematic reforms to education governance, teacher incentives, and pedagogy. We examine a program under which … Kenyan Parent-Teacher Associations (PTAs) at randomly selected schools were funded to hire an additional teacher on an annual …