SAVING DOES NOT EQUAL INVESTMENT John Maynard Keynes confused economists and politicians all over the world when he … wrote, “Saving is necessary to equal investment” together with a few equations to confirm his idea and finally concluding … that S = I. There have been repeated discussions about how saving can equal investment, accidentally or with certainty. We …

Following the 1987 report by The World Commission on Environment and Development, the genuine saving has come to play a … key role in the context of sustainable development, and the World Bank regularly publishes numbers for genuine saving on a … an analogue to genuine saving in a second best economy, where the government raises revenue by means of distortionary …

suggests that conventional measures of genuine saving (which do not reflect conspicuous consumption) are likely to largely … overestimate this welfare change. We also show how relative consumption concerns affect the way public investment ought to be …Much evidence suggests that people are concerned with their relative consumption, i.e., their consumption in relation …

correlation between the return on housing investment and consumption not only implies positive relationship between the portfolio … share of housing investment and excess return but also renders the housing wealth inappropriate in consumption smoothing. We …A house is generally considered as a 'roof over one's head', however, housing can be regarded as an investment or asset …

have an incentive to signal that he is in great need by saving more than he otherwise would have done. …

sources of this capital? We are talking about household saving, now. In the relation with the development of rural industries … there is a need to explore the behavior of this kind of saving in order to increase the role of rural financial institutions … saving more in the non-bank financial institution than in the banking institution, included the Village Units of Bank Rakyat …