This paper argues that existing models of urban concentrations are incomplete unless grounded in the most fundamental aspect of proximity; face-to-face contact. Face-to-face contact has four main features; it is an efficient communication technology; it can help solve incentive problems; it can...

There is a substantial empirical literature quantifying the positive relationship between city size and productivity. The paper draws out the implications of this productivity relationship for evaluations of urban transport improvements. A theoretical model is developed and used to derive a...

The objective of this paper is to investigate what factors influence the growth of main Indonesian port cities. The analysis make use GLS to estimate the model using panel data from four major city in Indonesia (Surabaya, Jakarta, Makasar, and Medan) for period 1993-2001. This research found...