savings. In line with life-cycle theory, we found that longevity increases saving ratios. …

SAVING DOES NOT EQUAL INVESTMENT John Maynard Keynes confused economists and politicians all over the world when he … wrote, “Saving is necessary to equal investment” together with a few equations to confirm his idea and finally concluding … that S = I. There have been repeated discussions about how saving can equal investment, accidentally or with certainty. We …

The rate-of-return-dominance puzzle asks why low-return assets, like fiat money, are used in actual economies given … monetary models which arbitrarily restrict the marketability properties of alternative assets to make money valuable are … difficult to assess. In this paper, I provide a framework in which Öat money has value in equilibrium, even though a higher …

correlation between the return on housing investment and consumption not only implies positive relationship between the portfolio … share of housing investment and excess return but also renders the housing wealth inappropriate in consumption smoothing. We …A house is generally considered as a 'roof over one's head', however, housing can be regarded as an investment or asset …

have an incentive to signal that he is in great need by saving more than he otherwise would have done. …

sources of this capital? We are talking about household saving, now. In the relation with the development of rural industries … there is a need to explore the behavior of this kind of saving in order to increase the role of rural financial institutions … saving more in the non-bank financial institution than in the banking institution, included the Village Units of Bank Rakyat …