savings. In line with life-cycle theory, we found that longevity increases saving ratios. …

SAVING DOES NOT EQUAL INVESTMENT John Maynard Keynes confused economists and politicians all over the world when he … wrote, “Saving is necessary to equal investment” together with a few equations to confirm his idea and finally concluding … that S = I. There have been repeated discussions about how saving can equal investment, accidentally or with certainty. We …

pensions on private consumption. We focus on the estimation of a ECM consumption function in the case of the United States and … the United Kingdom. It is shown that pension funds would have a negative impact on households’saving ratio. However, these … are then implemented, showing no impact of pension funds on private consumption. …

investigates the relationship between an increasing life expectancy and saving behaviour. We set up a life- cycle model in which … uncertainty as a consumption shock to stylise the fact that individuals may face an (uncertain) increase in expenditure for long … individual life-expectancy does not imply a decrease in saving or a more risk averse behaviour. …

the links between financial liberalization, savings and investment; to assess the effect of financial reforms on economic …

sources of this capital? We are talking about household saving, now. In the relation with the development of rural industries … there is a need to explore the behavior of this kind of saving in order to increase the role of rural financial institutions … saving more in the non-bank financial institution than in the banking institution, included the Village Units of Bank Rakyat …