Most real-world trade liberalizations decrease tariffs and increase quotas without completely abolishing them. We ask how decreases in tariffs and increases in quotas affect productivity in an economy with monopoly rights in the import-competing sector. We show that a reduction in a tariff can...

In the last five years the international macroeconomics literature has become increasingly concerned with global current account imbalances, with particular focus on the size and persistence of the US current account deficit. While much of the recent literature on global imbalances (e.g....

This paper analyzes the cross-country allocation and volume of multinational production, quantifies its barriers, and assesses its impact on welfare. From the patterns of multinational production across countries, three facts stand out: a small fraction of country-pairs engages in multinational...

This study brifly looks into the process of Turkey into the world economy and concludes that this process has been accelareted in the 1990s.

This paper investigates why regional trade arrangements (RTAs) are proliferating extensively and how the effects of multiple RTAs, by interacting with each other, evolve over time. Our empirical analysis, based on an extended gravity model utilizing a large panel data set of 175 countries from...

This article aims to determine whether the geographical pattern of the external trade of foreign-owned enterprises in Brazil differs from that of domestic enterprises and whether, in the case of foreign enterprises, the region of origin of their capital is an important factor in determining that...

Most of the large tariff reductions achieved in multilateral trade negotiations have involved the use of tariff-cutting formulas, such as the “Swiss” formula. But the wide variations in initial tariff rates between active participants may create a demand for new approaches in the Doha...

The results of the Uruguay Round, show that the concessions given by developing countries were generally more valuable than those they received from industrial countries. I suggest that this outcome is explained by aggressive demands from industrial countries, and by the lack of resources at the...

This study is divided in ten sections. The first three sections are devoted to macroeconomic performance of the economy in the 1990s, followed by the analysis of contemporary foreign trade performance and institutions. The overall and dramatic decay starting from 1990 is registered in all topics...