Prices differ across space: from province to province, from rural (or urban) areas in one province to rural (or urban) areas in another province, and from rural to urban areas within one province. Systematic differences in prices across a range of goods and services in different localities imply...

Uncertainty represented by volatilities in equity markets has been observed to be time-variable and lead output fluctuations. In the rational expectation framework, uncertainty with this nature needs exogenous variables with time-varying volatilities, but technology, tastes and fiscal and...

The hypothesis that the behavior of firms in adjusting the number of their employees along a business cycle depends on the size of the firms has often been mentioned in the literature. Several authors argue that small and medium sized enterprises are more hesitant in hiring additional employees...

Presented here is the economical model with one commodity that is produced by two independent business entities. Investigated is the mutual impact of entities on each other, and formally described is the dynamics of competitive behavior. The research techniques and results are based on the...

The paper examines a new possibility of output gaps in an economy without any rigidity. The driving force behind the new possibility is non-cooperative behavior of consumers. The paper shows that there is a possibility that when a fundamental shock hits an economy this non- cooperative nature...