Empirically R&D expenditure moves pro-cyclically, but the pro- cyclicality is a puzzle from the Schumpeterian point of view. The paper examines the cyclical property of R&D expenditure in the context of endogenous growth, and concludes that (i) substitutability between investing in physical...

This paper aims at showing how the Research and innovation Act of July 1999 modifies (stimulates?) the role of the local governments, this question being declined in several sub-interrogations dealing with the articulation between the legal framework, the local centres of competence and the...