The opening of the residential UK electricity sector in 1999 motivated several studies of its impact on both the level and structure of retail charges, and on incumbents’ market power. Using regional observations on tariffs offered in January 2004, the present paper supports previous results...

The rise of the modular production in assembly industries is initially located in its capacity to manage the increasing complexity of the products. However these implications exceed this technological dimension. Many works advance that the modular production implies a reorganization of the firms...