Patent citation data are used in a growing body of economics and business research on technological diffusion. Research … diffusing outward from the patenting entity. Until now, there exists little evidence on whether or not patent citations are a … good measure of knowledge flows. Our paper assesses the legitimacy of using European patent citations as a measure of …

issue, we build a model in which the value of an innovation depends both on the type of innovation implemented (product …, process) and on the existence of a patent protection or not. We obtain a three-equation model that links the values of product … and process innovations to the value of patent protection. This model and the feature of the data imply the estimation of …

The tax office wins most cases in Japan. We think about why this might be. We find that although judges who rule in …

Conviction rates in Japan exceed 99 percent -- why? On the one hand, because Japanese prosecutors are badly …

This paper examines the exchange rate pass-through to yen based manufactured import prices of Japan using asymmetric … shown that the recession in Japan in the 1990s has significantly affected the exchange rate passthrough relationship …

-endowment based trade and economic ties with the secondary advanced economy (first the U.S. and then Japan) played important roles in … the pre-WWII growth of Japan, Southeast Asia's growth in the 1970s and the 1980s, and its economic crisis in the mid-1990s. …

common market among ASEAN, China, South Korea, and Japan by establishing a free trade area covering the entire region. As the … two major countries in the region, in the arrangement, China and Japan would have centered roles in promoting economic … cooperation in East Asia. However, it is practically impossible to decide either China or Japan is capable of taking the …