We examine the role of changing mortality in explaining the rise of retirement over the course of the 20th century. We … of death. In an environment in which mortality is high, an individual who saved up for retirement would face a high risk …. As mortality falls, however, it becomes optimal to plan, and save for, retirement. We simulate our model using actual …

without a switch of employers by prohibiting access to pension assets. This study uses Health and Retirement Survey data to …Many workers reveal a preference for a gradual reduction in work hours as they approach retirement (“phased retirement …”), rather than a sudden change from full-time work to full-time retirement. Pension regulations may impede phased retirement …

, greenhouse gas abatement and consumer protection. An overarching review of the health system and further reform in vocational …

This research demonstrates that human capital accumulation by the poor is only possible if a minimum level of health … and health care, and finance is not available for this purpose, a poverty trap exists with low health, education and … nutrition and health impairing human potential, and in particular early child development. This link between health and …