This paper looks at the history of money and its modern form from a scientific and mathematical point of view. The approach here is to emphasize simplicity. A straightforward model and algebraic formula for a large economy analogous to the ideal gas law of thermodynamics is proposed. It may be...

The aim of this paper is the realization of a Benchmark analysis about the relative position of the Valencian Innovation System. This comparison has been threefold comparing the Spanish, Mediterranean and European regions. In order to undertake this analysis, on the one hand, for the Spanish...

With around 50% of the urban men between age 15 and 30 unemployed, Ethiopia has one of the highest unemployment rates worldwide. This paper describes the nature of unemployment among young men in urban Ethiopia. We analyse the determinants of incidence and duration and find that most variables...

This paper analyzes the effects of anticipated inflation on the resource allocations between production and financial services. We develop a model with heterogeneous workers and two sectors economy. A manufacturing sector producing a final composite good and a financial sector providing monetary...

The transportation system is a fundamental component of the urban economic development, with its generating feature of negative supply externalities standing out (and, as a result, of the satisfied demand for some kind of this supply’s structure) related to congestion and environmental...

Testing the distribution of a random sample can be considered ,indeed, as a goodness-of-fit problem. If we use the nonparametric density estimation of the sample as a consistent estimate of exact distribution, the problem reduces, more specifically, to the distance of two functions. This paper...

This paper presents a flexible functional form called third-order translog, which includes higher-order terms, to estimate systems of budget-share equations using Canadian crosssectional micro-data. We test the statistical significance of the third-order terms, and also test regularity...

The optimal minimum distance (OMD) estimator for models of covariance structures is asymptotically efficient but has much worse finite-sample properties than does the equally-weighted minimum distance (EWMD) estimator. This paper shows how the bootstrap can be used to improve the finite-sample...

During the last two decades, the discrete-choice modelling of labour supply decisions has become increasingly popular, starting with Aaberge et al. (1995) and van Soest (1995). Within the literature adopting this approach there are however two potentially important issues that are worthwhile...

This paper introduces L-scaling, which computes scaled scores from multivariate data. We demonstrate the uniqueness, positivity and equivariance of the L-scaling weights. The relationship of L-scaling to ANOVA and principal components is explained, robustness and inference are discussed, and an...