This paper uses a model of horizontal multinational enterprises to explore the relationship between transportation costs and trade policy cooperation. Tariffs have the effect of attracting foreign direct investment to the benefit of consumers in the host country. As transport costs fall, the...

The Washington Consensus suffers from fundamental inadequacies, and that a more comprehensive framework of the economic process is needed to guide the formulation of country-specific development strategies. The following five propositions summarise the set of interrelated arguments made in this...

The Washington Consensus suffers from fundamental inadequacies, and that a more comprehensive framework of the economic process is needed to guide the formulation of country-specific development strategies. The following five propositions summarise the set of interrelated arguments made in this...

The paper sketches the basic patterns and facts about service trade, foreign direct investment and regulation in the EU. We conclude that the last decade trade in services has increased substantially, in particular in business services. This is also the case for foreign direct investment (in...

Human brain has invented the Computer&upgraded it to a level of Combrains. With Artificial Chemical Memory, these may grow to function as independent Iintellects, Master/Sponsor representatives and self- decision workers with autonomy&supreme capability. Like any human society learn and function...

The environmental impact of Foreign Direct Investment is still to be explored totally. It is often argued that investment may come to a region or country where environment protection norms are less strict. Investors may be induced to outsource their pollution-intensive production where the...

Global operations of Giant Firms seem to restructure the division of production and income distribution on a global scale while increasing the interdependence of nations. In this process, the FDIs seem to be the principal mechanism linking national economies, in addition to trade. But,...

This study brifly looks into the process of Turkey into the world economy and concludes that this process has been accelareted in the 1990s.

This paper investigates why regional trade arrangements (RTAs) are proliferating extensively and how the effects of multiple RTAs, by interacting with each other, evolve over time. Our empirical analysis, based on an extended gravity model utilizing a large panel data set of 175 countries from...

This article aims to determine whether the geographical pattern of the external trade of foreign-owned enterprises in Brazil differs from that of domestic enterprises and whether, in the case of foreign enterprises, the region of origin of their capital is an important factor in determining that...