zero. The paper shows that declining nominal prices were a rather common phenomenon during this period of low or no … inflation. The declining prices cannot, however, be explained by lack of demand or any generalized deflationary tendencies …. Hence, the downward rigidity of nominal prices has not prevented relative price adjustments under price stability. The paper …

This paper reviews the existing empirical evidence on the short-term impact on prices of fiscal variables and assesses … Commission and the OECD models. Overall, a broad consensus appears on the impact on prices of changes in individual government … limited impact on prices in the first year while, in contrast, changes in indirect taxes and employers’ social security …