frictionless. The main result is that a price process is arbitrage free (or, equivalently, compatible with some equilibrium) if and … by arbitrage follows from there. Contingent claims can be priced by taking their expected value with respect to an … equivalent martingale measure. If this value is unique, the claim is said to be priced by arbitrage. The new probabilities can be …

If co-existing parallel markets are efficient, then arbitrage will maintain a correct pricing relationship. A related … (with transaction costs), in which price differences are studied using levels of arbitrage activity. For the empirical …-the-counter system). In particular, we study the degree of arbitrage activity for different segments of the PSE and the evolution of …

give a new definition for arbitrage and characterize it. We then prove a theorem that can be seen as an extension of the …