This paper provides an evolutionary rationale for both interracial and intraracial wage differentials by examining the implications of white employers mediating their employer-employee relationships on the basis of genetic similarity. If in organized labor markets, relationships mediated through...

Consumer discrimination, to the extent that it discourages the entry of Black-owned firms may be welfare reducing, as market output is lower than otherwise. This paper offers a simple model of duopoly in which conditions are derived for which a profit subsidy to Black-owned firms increases,...