Through the use of aggregate Social Accounting Matrices for Portugal, the flows of funds from three government subsectors to households will be studied, as well as the flows from the latter to the former. From the SAM modelling, both a static and a comparative static analysis will be made, in...

We study the technological pre-conditions for a cost-minimizing choice of technique in the presence of government emission targets on by- products of production. Whether a by-product is a desirable commodity or an undesirable pollutant is determined endogeneously as part of the price-quantity...

Prevailing trade theory is a neglected stepchild of economics. Micro rejects the sole reason for trade’s occurrence. It declares zero profit in equilibrium. Monetary theory and macroeconomics dismiss concerns of trade financing. They assert that money has nothing to do with traded output, but...

This paper is dedicated to the contributions of Sir Richard Stone, Michael Bacharach, and Philip Israilevich. It starts out with a brief history of biproportional techniques and related matrix balancing algorithms. We then discuss the RAS algorithm developed by Sir Richard Stone and others. We...

Presented here is the mathematical model of business fluctuations, which can be observed in the Economy described by the Input-Output Model of Wassily Leontief. These fluctuations are obtained as a solution of the corresponding matrix differential equations, which interrelate commodities'...

The belief that equality of demand and supply determines price and clears the market is universal. Shockingly, this belief is unfounded. It contradicts macro’s claim that equality of demand and supply determines output. It contradicts (new) monetary theory, which claims that equality of demand...

A graduated excise allows mores patial control of congestion and pollution. The cost of a detour to a scheaper gas station defines a gradient, and the integral gives an excise mountain with its top at the center of the metropolitan area. Consisntency implies that the mountain with the maximal...

As road pricing, telematics and logistics evolve, information and communication technologies (ICT) aim directly at making traffic flow more efficiently in a given infrastructure. Furthermore, the virtual world gives rise to new business fields and decentralised structures which affect the...

Border region electric utility service loads are impacted by national, regional, and international business cycles. To examine whether the cross-border components of these interactions can be reliably assessed, transfer ARIMA models are estimated for three business rate categories in El Paso,...

Durch die Existenz von Hochschulen kommt es zu realen Ressourcenzuflüssen in die sie umgebenden Regionen. Wir zeigen am Beispiel der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg und der Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal (FH), dass die Nachfrageeffekte aufgrund der monetären Zuflüsse deutlich größer...