play a role in the contemporaneous evolution of innovation in a broad cross section of countries today. Our results …, while 'home grown' innovation is more sensitive to internal structural and institutional factors. …

Patent citation data are used in a growing body of economics and business research on technological diffusion. Research … diffusing outward from the patenting entity. Until now, there exists little evidence on whether or not patent citations are a … good measure of knowledge flows. Our paper assesses the legitimacy of using European patent citations as a measure of …

and process innovations to the value of patent protection. This model and the feature of the data imply the estimation of … issue, we build a model in which the value of an innovation depends both on the type of innovation implemented (product …, process) and on the existence of a patent protection or not. We obtain a three-equation model that links the values of product …

In a model of sequential patent races, it is examined whether or not introducing a patent law in the home country is … beneficial to the firms and the society as a whole given the foreign country already offers patent protection. Before the first … patent race starts, the firms and the foreign country share interests. For a given total number of firms, the welfare effect …

growth. Stronger IPR protection, which reduces the probability of imitation, raises the reward for innovation. However …, concentration of R&D activity in a field raises the possibility of duplication of innovation, thereby hindering growth. In several …

When the home country introduces a patent law after the winner of the patent race is known the country's welfare may … rise only if the domestic firm wins. If the home country decides before the patent race ends, the welfare may be increased …