The paper investigates the investment decision of a financially constrained multinational corporation (MNC) planning investment projects both at home and in a developing country. The collateral values of the projects diverge because of country specific transactions costs so that the willingness...

This paper provides an explanation for the observation that banks hold on average a capital ratio in excess of regulatory requirements. We use a functional approach to banking based on Diamond and Rajan (2001) to demonstrate that banks can use capital ratios as a strategic tool for renegotiating...